BREIF ON OPERATING SYSTEMS
- An operating system (OS) is system software that manages computer hardware, software resources, and provides common services for computer programs.
- Time-sharing operating systems schedule tasks for efficient use of the system and may also include accounting software for cost allocation of processor time, mass storage, printing, and other resources
TYPES OF OPERATING SYSTEM
- Single-tasking and multi-tasking
- Single- and multi-user
- Distributed
- Templated
- Embedded
- Real-time
- Library
TOP OPERATING SYSTEMS
- MICROSOFT-WINDOWS
- MAC-OS
- LINUX
MICROSOFT-WINDOWS:
- Microsoft Windows, commonly referred to as Windows, is a group of several proprietary graphical operating system families, all of which are developed and marketed by Microsoft
FLAVORS OF WINDOWS
- Windows 95
- Windows 98
- Windows XP
- Windows vista
- Windows 7
- Windows 8
- Windows 10
- Windows 11
Windows |
|
features |
drawbacks |
Start-up
menu Returns |
Not open
source |
Cortona on desktop |
Infection assaults |
XBOX APP |
The majority
of the product is paid |
Project Spartan
browser |
Rebooting a framework |
Improved multi-tasking |
Excessive
cost |
Universal Apps |
High PC assets |
Office Apps Get Touch Support |
Specialized
help |
Unified Settings /
Control Panel |
|
Can support games |
|
Support graphics |
|
|
|
Start-up menu Returns:
- when you click on the Start button at the bottom left of the screen, you get two panels side by side, with the left column showing pinned, recently and most-used apps

Cortana On Desktop:
- Windows 10 will bring Microsoft's voice-controlled digital assistant Cortana to desktop computers, to make it easier for you to interact with your device without lifting a finger.

- The new operating system will support Xbox game streaming (through your home network), with improved speed and graphics performance thanks to DirectX 12 support. The app also lets you record, edit and share your fragging victories with the Game DVR feature, which lets you grab the previous 30 seconds of your game so you don't miss unexpected wins. You'll also be able to join your friends in games across Windows 10 or the Xbox platforms, and see your friends' activity via Xbox Live.

Project Spartan Browser:
- Forget Internet Explorer. The long-derided browser will be replaced by the newly announced Project Spartan. New features include PDF support, a reading mode that improves the layout of long articles, and a new note taking feature. The latter lets you scribble on any page and share your comments with your friends through social networks via a slide-in menu so you won't have to leave the browser. Better yet, Project Spartan will feature Cortana support within the browser, so she can pull contextual information from the sites you're on to do things like navigate to a restaurant you're looking up or pull up an upcoming flight time without having to go into your email.

MAC-OS:
- macOS is a proprietary graphical operating system developed and marketed by Apple Inc. since 2001. It is the primary operating system for Apple's Mac computers. Within the market of desktop, laptop and home computers, and by web usage, it is the second most widely used desktop OS, after Windows.
- macOS has supported three major processor architectures, beginning with PowerPC-based Macs in 1999. In 2006, Apple transitioned to the Intel architecture with a line of Macs using Intel Core processors. In 2020, Apple began the Apple silicon transition, using self-designed, 64-bit ARM-based Apple M1 processors on new Mac computers.

MacOS |
|
features |
drawbacks |
Updated menu bar |
Not open
source |
Floating Dock |
Infection assaults |
New icons for apps |
Much of
the product is paid |
Lighter window
appearance |
Rebooting a
framework |
Redesigned sheets |
Excessive
cost |
New and updated
sounds |
High PC assets |
Full-height sidebars |
Specialized
help |
New symbols
throughout macOS |
NO Game Features |
|
|
|
|
|
|
- The menu bar is now taller and more translucent, allowing your desktop picture to extend from edge to edge. Words lighten or darken based on the colour of your desktop picture. And pull-down menus are larger, with more space between the lines to make everything easier to read.
- The redesigned Dock is lifted from the bottom of your display and is more translucent, allowing your desktop wallpaper to shine through. And app icons are all-new and even easier to recognise.
- App icons have been redesigned to feel both familiar and fresh. Icons have a uniform shape but retain the stylistic touches and details that give Mac its character.
- Windows have a lighter, more spacious appearance that makes them cleaner and easier to work with. Additional translucency and rounded edges designed to match the radii of Mac create a cohesive look and feel throughout macOS.
- Sheets in apps have been completely redesigned, removing borders and bezels to put the focus on your content. They automatically dim the background and scale into the centre of the app.
- System sounds are all-new and even more pleasing to the ear. The new system alerts were created using snippets of the originals, so they sound familiar.
- A new look for app sidebars makes it easier to find what you want and gives you more space to get things done. Easily track your Mail inbox, access Finder folders, and organize Photos, Notes, Stocks and more.
- New symbols in toolbars, sidebars and controls bring clarity and consistency across apps, helping you immediately recognize where to click. When apps share common tasks — like viewing the inbox in Mail or Calendar — they share the same symbol. There are also localized versions of symbols with numbers, letters and dates to match your system language.
LINUX:
- Linux is a family of open-source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991, by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution.
- Linux was originally developed for personal computers based on the Intel x86 architecture, but has since been ported to more platforms than any other operating system. Because of the dominance of the Linux-based Android on smartphones, Linux also has the largest installed base of all general-purpose operating systems. Although it is used by only around 2.3 percent of desktop computers.
- Mainly Linux is popular for its privacy, mostly Linux used for high coding ,hacking, tools, creating and maintaining servers.

LINUX-FLAVORS:
- Android
- Arch Linux
- Centos
- Debian
- Elementary OS
- Fedora
- Gentoo Linux
- Kali Linux
- Linux Mint
- Manjaro Linux
- MX Linux
- Puppy Linux
- Slackware
- Solus
- Zorin OS
- Ubuntu OS
Linux |
|
features |
drawbacks |
Portable |
NO Game
Features |
Open Source |
Infection assaults |
Multi-User |
Specialized
help |
Multiprogramming |
Rebooting a
framework |
Hierarchical File System |
Specialized
help |
Shell |
No GUI (Except in
Android) |
Security |
|
Portable
- Portability means software can works on different types of hardware in same way. Linux kernel and application programs supports their installation on any kind of hardware platform.
Open Source
- Linux source code is freely available and it is community based development project. Multiple teams work in collaboration to enhance the capability of Linux operating system and it is continuously evolving.
Multi-User
- Linux is a multiuser system means multiple users can access system resources like memory/ ram/ application programs at same time.
Multiprogramming
- Linux is a multiprogramming system means multiple applications can run at same time.
- Linux provides a standard file structure in which system files/ user files are arranged.
- Linux provides a special interpreter program which can be used to execute commands of the operating system. It can be used to do various types of operations, call application programs. etc.
- Linux provides user security using authentication features like password protection/ controlled access to specific files/ encryption of data.