BREIF ON OPERATING SYSTEMS

An operating system (OS) is system software that manages computer hardware, software resources, and provides common services for computer programs.

Time-sharing operating systems schedule tasks for efficient use of the system and may also include accounting software for cost allocation of processor time, mass storage, printing, and other resources

TYPES OF OPERATING SYSTEM

Single-tasking and multi-tasking
Single- and multi-user
Distributed
Templated
Embedded
Real-time
Library

TOP OPERATING SYSTEMS

MICROSOFT-WINDOWS
MAC-OS
LINUX

MICROSOFT-WINDOWS:

Microsoft Windows, commonly referred to as Windows, is a group of several proprietary graphical operating system families, all of which are developed and marketed by Microsoft

FLAVORS OF WINDOWS

Windows 95
Windows 98
Windows XP
Windows vista
Windows 7
Windows 8
Windows 10
Windows 11

Windows
features	drawbacks
Start-up menu Returns	Not open source
Cortona on desktop	Infection assaults
XBOX APP	The majority of the product is paid
Project Spartan browser	Rebooting a framework
Improved multi-tasking	Excessive cost
Universal Apps	High PC assets
Office Apps Get Touch Support	Specialized help
Unified Settings / Control Panel
Can support games
Support graphics

Start-up menu Returns:

when you click on the Start button at the bottom left of the screen, you get two panels side by side, with the left column showing pinned, recently and most-used apps

Cortana On Desktop:

Windows 10 will bring Microsoft's voice-controlled digital assistant Cortana to desktop computers, to make it easier for you to interact with your device without lifting a finger.

XBOX APP:

The new operating system will support Xbox game streaming (through your home network), with improved speed and graphics performance thanks to DirectX 12 support. The app also lets you record, edit and share your fragging victories with the Game DVR feature, which lets you grab the previous 30 seconds of your game so you don't miss unexpected wins. You'll also be able to join your friends in games across Windows 10 or the Xbox platforms, and see your friends' activity via Xbox Live.

Project Spartan Browser:

Forget Internet Explorer. The long-derided browser will be replaced by the newly announced Project Spartan. New features include PDF support, a reading mode that improves the layout of long articles, and a new note taking feature. The latter lets you scribble on any page and share your comments with your friends through social networks via a slide-in menu so you won't have to leave the browser. Better yet, Project Spartan will feature Cortana support within the browser, so she can pull contextual information from the sites you're on to do things like navigate to a restaurant you're looking up or pull up an upcoming flight time without having to go into your email.

MAC-OS:

macOS is a proprietary graphical operating system developed and marketed by Apple Inc. since 2001. It is the primary operating system for Apple's Mac computers. Within the market of desktop, laptop and home computers, and by web usage, it is the second most widely used desktop OS, after Windows.
macOS has supported three major processor architectures, beginning with PowerPC-based Macs in 1999. In 2006, Apple transitioned to the Intel architecture with a line of Macs using Intel Core processors. In 2020, Apple began the Apple silicon transition, using self-designed, 64-bit ARM-based Apple M1 processors on new Mac computers.

MacOS
features	drawbacks
Updated menu bar	Not open source
Floating Dock	Infection assaults
New icons for apps	Much of the product is paid
Lighter window appearance	Rebooting a framework
Redesigned sheets	Excessive cost
New and updated sounds	High PC assets
Full-height sidebars	Specialized help
New symbols throughout macOS	NO Game Features
Safari

Updated menu bar

The menu bar is now taller and more translucent, allowing your desktop picture to extend from edge to edge. Words lighten or darken based on the colour of your desktop picture. And pull-down menus are larger, with more space between the lines to make everything easier to read.

Floating Dock

The redesigned Dock is lifted from the bottom of your display and is more translucent, allowing your desktop wallpaper to shine through. And app icons are all-new and even easier to recognise.

New icons for apps

App icons have been redesigned to feel both familiar and fresh. Icons have a uniform shape but retain the stylistic touches and details that give Mac its character.

Lighter window appearance

Windows have a lighter, more spacious appearance that makes them cleaner and easier to work with. Additional translucency and rounded edges designed to match the radii of Mac create a cohesive look and feel throughout macOS.

Redesigned sheets

Sheets in apps have been completely redesigned, removing borders and bezels to put the focus on your content. They automatically dim the background and scale into the centre of the app.

New and updated sounds

System sounds are all-new and even more pleasing to the ear. The new system alerts were created using snippets of the originals, so they sound familiar.

Full-height sidebars

A new look for app sidebars makes it easier to find what you want and gives you more space to get things done. Easily track your Mail inbox, access Finder folders, and organize Photos, Notes, Stocks and more.

New symbols throughout macOS

New symbols in toolbars, sidebars and controls bring clarity and consistency across apps, helping you immediately recognize where to click. When apps share common tasks — like viewing the inbox in Mail or Calendar — they share the same symbol. There are also localized versions of symbols with numbers, letters and dates to match your system language.

LINUX:

Linux is a family of open-source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991, by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution.
Linux was originally developed for personal computers based on the Intel x86 architecture, but has since been ported to more platforms than any other operating system. Because of the dominance of the Linux-based Android on smartphones, Linux also has the largest installed base of all general-purpose operating systems. Although it is used by only around 2.3 percent of desktop computers.
Mainly Linux is popular for its privacy, mostly Linux used for high coding ,hacking, tools, creating and maintaining servers.

LINUX-FLAVORS:

Android
Arch Linux
Centos
Debian
Elementary OS
Fedora
Gentoo Linux
Kali Linux
Linux Mint
Manjaro Linux
MX Linux
Puppy Linux
Slackware
Solus
Zorin OS
Ubuntu OS

Linux
features	drawbacks
Portable	NO Game Features
Open Source	Infection assaults
Multi-User	Specialized help
Multiprogramming	Rebooting a framework
Hierarchical File System	Specialized help
Shell	No GUI (Except in Android)
Security

Portable

Portability means software can works on different types of hardware in same way. Linux kernel and application programs supports their installation on any kind of hardware platform.

Open Source

Linux source code is freely available and it is community based development project. Multiple teams work in collaboration to enhance the capability of Linux operating system and it is continuously evolving.

Multi-User

Linux is a multiuser system means multiple users can access system resources like memory/ ram/ application programs at same time.

Multiprogramming

Linux is a multiprogramming system means multiple applications can run at same time.

Hierarchical File System

Linux provides a standard file structure in which system files/ user files are arranged.

Shell

Linux provides a special interpreter program which can be used to execute commands of the operating system. It can be used to do various types of operations, call application programs. etc.

Security

Linux provides user security using authentication features like password protection/ controlled access to specific files/ encryption of data.

How Not Knowing Different Operating Systems Flavors Makes You a Rookie